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​Articles:


Perhaps a friend uses an offensive word, a co-worker implies that people from some groups are just naturally better than others, or a family member expresses anger or fear toward another person because of the color of their skin or the way they talk.

 - referred to in Example, above


confronters are not always viewed particularly positively. They are sometimes likened to complainers or trouble-makers and often regarded as mean, impolite, or aggressive (Kaiser & Miller, 2001; Swim & Hyers, 1999; Dodd, Giuliano, Boutell, & Moran, 2001).
www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/power-and-prejudice/201311/speak-or-stay-silent-5-reasons-confront-prejudice


cognitive dissonance - the uncomfortable feeling we get when we act hypocritically

4) It’s easier than you think. Although images of conflict, opposition, and defiance may come to mind when you think about confronting prejudice, it turns out that people can confront in friendly ways that allow others to “save face.” For example, you might make a joke conveying the problematic nature of the action or give the person an out, indicating that you’re sure they didn’t mean it in a prejudiced way, but some people might perceive the action as problematic. Although these types of friendly confrontations may seem like a cop out, it turns out that they are just as effective as more hostile confrontations (Czopp et al., 2006).

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The participants who were confronted were generally angry at the confronter and didn't like the confronter as much as they would have otherwise.
www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-mishaps/201002/ignore-or-confront-dealing-racially-stereotyping-comments



When we don’t respond, people don’t change. They may even assume that we agree. They will take our acquiescence as agreement and make additional comments in the future. Staying silent can make things worse.
www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-mishaps/202006/the-importance-saying-something


As William Faulkner once said, “Never be afraid to raise your voice for honesty and truth and compassion against injustice and lying and greed. If people all over the world … would do this, it would change the earth.”
prsay.prsa.org/2018/02/27/the-ethics-of-silence-and-of-speaking-up/


If we fail to prot
est against an injustice, we may seem to be agreeing with it. Or, at the least, we are part of the reason it is allowed to continue.

​aleteia.org/2018/09/02/why-you-should-speak-up-even-when-its-hard/


When someone messes up or makes a blatant mistake, it’s better to keep your thoughts on the situation to yourself. In the moments right after these kinds of things happen, often we can make hurtful or even false accusations, so by refraining from commenting, you avoid falling into this trap. Don’t give in to the temptation of telling that person they were wrong every chance you get. If you were the person who made the mistake, it’s okay to defend yourself against any accusation, but don’t try to make the person who was wrong feel ridiculous. You could end up coming across as pretentious, which is much worse.
​exploringyourmind.com/7-times-better-stay-quiet/


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a_generation_of_american_men_give_up_on_college.pdf
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